Chpter 12 History Class 6

DCM SR SEC SCHOOL

FEROZEPUR CANTT

HISTORY---LESSON 12 (Dec syllabus)

                                             CLASS VI---Social Science

                                  BUILDINGS, PAINTINGS AND BOOKS

KEYWORDS:-

1.    STUPA: - A mound. It contains the remains of Buddha or his followers.

2.    A RELIC CASKET: - A box covered with earth.

3.    GARBHAGRIHA: - It is a place where the image of the chief deity was placed.

4.    MANDAPA: - It is a hall where people could assemble.

5.    EPIC: - It is a grand, long composition about heroic men and women.

6.    MANUSCRIPTS: - A copy of a book written by hand.

7.    PURANA: - It means old. The Puranas contain stories about Hindu Gods and Goddesses.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: -

1.    Give a brief description of the iron pillar at Mehrauli?

Ans. The iron pillar at Mehrauli is a remarkable example of the skill of the Indian artisans and craftsperson. It is made of iron, is 7.2 high and weighs about 3 tones. It was made about 1500 years ago and has not rusted in all three years. It was probably made by a ruler of the gupta dynasty.

2.     What were Manuscripts in early India made out of?

Ans. Manuscripts were books written ago. They were usually written by hand. They were written on palm leaf, or on the specially prepared bark of a tree known as the birch, which grows in the Himalayas.

3.    Write the stages in the building of a stupa or a temple?

Ans. Stupa: - Stupas are round, semi-circular shaped mounds.

1.     There is a small box placed at the center of stupa. It may contain the bodily remains of Buddha or his followers, or things they used as well as precious stones and coins. The box called the casket was covered with earth.

2.    Later a layer of mud brick or baked brick made up the mound. Then the dome like structure was covered with stone slabs.

3.    There is a path for pradakshina.

4.    It was surrounded by railings.

5.    Entrance to the path was through the gateways. Both railings and gateways were decorated with sculptures.

Temple:-The important parts of the temple were:-

1.    Garbhagriha: - where the image of the chief deity was placed.

2.    Shikhara: - A tower like structure built over the Garbhagriha.

3.    Mandapa: - A hall where people could assemble.

4. List some steps that taken to make buildings and monuments accessible to differently abled people?

Ans.  The steps to make buildings and monuments accessible to differently abled people are:-

1. Construction of a map.

2. The steps can be renovated, so that people may not fall on the slippery ground.

3. Railing can be placed on the side walls of the staircase.

4. Proper lighting system.

5. Write uses of paper?

Ans. List as many uses of paper as we can are as follows:-

1. It is used for printing books.

2. It is used for making notebooks.

3. It is used for making brouchur.

4. It is used for making postcards.

5. It is used for making postal stamps and revenue stamps.

6. It is used for making currency.

6. Name a famous Tamil epic. What story is mentioned in the books?

Ans. A famous Tamil epic, the silappadikaram, was composed by a poet named Ilango, around 1800 years ago. It is the story of a merchant named Kovalan, who lived in Puhar and fell in love with a courtesan named Madhavi, neglecting, his wife Kannagi. He and Kannagi left Puhar and went to Madurai, where he was wrongly accused of theft by the court jeweler of the pandya king. The king sentenced Kovalan to death. Kannagi, who still loved him, was full of grief and anger at this injustice, and destroyed the entire city of Madurai.

7. Write a short note on ‘Aryabhatiya’?

Ans. Aryabhatta, a mathematician and astronomer, wrote a book in Sanskrit known as the Aryabhatiyam. He stated that day and night were caused by the rotation of the earth its axis, even though it seems as if the sun is rising and setting every day. He developed a scientific explanation for eclipses as well. He also found a way of calculating the circumference of circle, which is nearly as accurate as the formula we are using today.

8. Why are the Ajanta and Ellora caves important?

Ans. The Ajanta and Ellora caves are important. These caves are near Aurangabad. These are well known for their cave architectural sculpture and murals. This has been declared s the World heritage sites by UNESCO. The 20 rock cut caves are built between the 2^nd century and 8^th century, BCE and CE. The fresco paintings on the walls of Ajanta caves depict scenes from the life of the Buddha.

The Ellora caves consist of Buddhist, Hindu and Jain temples. There are 34 rock cut caves constructed between the 5^th and 10^th centuries CE.