Class 6 Civics Urban Civilization

D.C Model Sen. Sec.  School

Subject-S.ScienceClass-6th

Chapter-9(Urban Livelihoods)

Q1. In what ways is a permanent or regular job different from a casual job? Discuss.

Ans. The differences between permanent or regular job and a casual job are:

Permanent Job	Casual Job
1.People get regular salary.	1.People do not get regular salary.
2.Their job is secure.	2. They do not have job security.
3.They have fixed working hours.	3. The working hours may be very long.
4.They get old age savings.	4. They do not get such facilities.
5.Working condition is good.	5.Working conditions may not be desirable.

Q2. What benefits does Sudha get along with her salary?

Ans. Sudha is a permanent worker in a company. She gets several benefits along with her salary:

1.Sudha gets old age savings.

2. She gets off on Sundays, national holidays and other annual leaves.

3. Her company provides her medical facilities.

Q3. Why did Bachchu Manjhi come to the city?

Ans. Bachchu Manjhi came to the city to earn money for his livelihood.

Q4. Why can’t Bachchu Manjhi live with his family?

Ans. Bachchu Manjhi can not live with his family because in the village he won’t getting enough money for his work.

Q5. Bachchu Manjhi has to think twice before taking a day off from work. Why?

Ans. Bachchu Manjhi has to think twice before taking a day off from work because it is very difficult for him to earn the living.

Q6. Why did Harpreet and Vandna start a show room? What do they have to do to run the showroom?

Ans. Harpreet and Vandna started a show room because:

1.Harpreet has completed her studies and now she has started working on his father’s shop. She wants to expand her business.

2. Vandana is a dress designer and she came to know that people prefer to buy readymade garments.

So both decide to start a showroom. For this:

1.They have to buy clothes from different cities and put them in show cases.

2.They also have to advertise their products.

Q7. What are the differences between those who sell on the street and those in the market?

Ans. The differences between those who sell on the street and those in the market are:

1.       Street vendors have to move from place to place to sell their things but shopkeepers do not need to go anywhere.

2.       Street vendors get all the benefits of the thing they sell but shopkeepers have to pay salaries to workers and various taxes.

Q8. Why do you think small workshops and factories employ casual workers?

Ans. Small workshops and factories employ casual workers because:

1.They have seasonal work so they do not need workers throughout the year.

2. Their income is low so they cannot afford to pay to permanent workers.

Q9. Write a short note on call centres.

Ans. A call centre is a centralized office that deals with problems and queries that consumers have regarding goods purchased and services like banking, ticket booking etc. Call centres are generally set up as large rooms with work stations that include a computer, a telephone set and a supervisor’s office.

India has become a major centre not only for Indian companies but also for foreign companies. Foreign companies set up call centre here as they get young educated people at low wages.

Q10. Define labour chowk.

Ans. Labour chowk is a place where daily wage labourers

wait with their tools for people to come and hire them for work.